Ken Edwards, Bird Migration in the 21st Century

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47pp / 2006 / £6 / Spectacular Diseases c/o Paul Green, 83(b) London Road, Peterborough, Cambs., PE2 9BS

Reviewed by Melissa Flores-Bórquez
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This chapbook contains two long poem sequences a short one. The poet seems interested in curves, in birds, in violence, radio and in sudden lyric outbursts. Also, the lyrics of the English musical group The Beatles. The short poem is last, 'His Window Settles', which is for Lee Harwood and was in the 'Birthday Boy' booklet birthday present for Harwood's sixtieth (in 1999) from Ship of Fools. It is a poem of light density in unrhymed couplets. But first in this chapbook is the title sequence, a footnoted poem-essay of migration and thermals. There is an old man. There are birds and the curvature of their wings and the idea of the "halycon" (and "an era of great light"). Edwards' footnote seems crucial:

Alycone, daughter of Aeolus and wife of Ceyx, King of Trachis, who perished in a shipwreck, whereupon she drowned herself in the sea. The gods changed them into kingfishers, imagined to build their nests upon the waters, which calmed at their breeding time, before and after the winter solstice.

The chopping of bird migration into forms of human migration and the Mediterranean creates a spectral Trojan effect – didn't seagulls call Aeneas away from Dido? (They cried, To Italy! To Italy! Caw, caw!)

46

She'd come back with the family
From North Africa after the war
And she said that she needed a job

And he said he'd find her one
In exchange for a dance

And they did

There is also a series of prose interruptions, about "he" and a computer screen. All this makes the work seem information-rich but actually it's quite an opaque read, facets taken together the effect is opaque, or it is only movement that is left, the "audit trail".

'The Cats of Chora Sfakión' is the second long sequence, and there is more play, more sea and Crete and divinely named people. The colours are gold, white, pale blue. There is a scrambling remodulation of the same elements. At one point this:

GOLD
within which

we have been
bound

with evidence
of nudity

and broken
sun

slung
like song

so that we may
explore

without
end

Adding to Edmund's reference to Edwards and Lucretius and the diversity of parts, I'd add that Edwards' curves and pieces form a poetry of the lex atomi.



Two Poems by Tina Bass

 
 
 
 
 

not diligent

not equal
to punctuating
restored equilibria







Bare


a felt thing
backing-up brain

fur smothering face
fluff clouding penis

invisible
indivisible

knot me

whispering








What The Razor Knew: Ken Edwards' No Public Language



-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Paperback, 184pp, 8.5x5.5ins, £10.95 / $18.50
ISBN-13 9781905700011; ISBN-10 1905700016
Shearsman

Reviewed by Edmund Hardy
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


In 1975 Ken Edwards published a pamphlet called 'Erik Satie loved children', containing 14 little poems. And now here it is again opening his No Public Language, from Shearsman, putting the 75 in the subtitle, "Selected Poems 1975-1995". They are fun and seem casually to be notes-towards-being-songs (in a manner taken a long way by John James?). In an Afterword, Edwards writes of 'Erik Satie loved children', "I still think it's quite sweet, and besides it was the first showing of what later evolved into my preferred procedures: cutting and splicing, juxtaposition, language play, composition by rhythm." The title also announces the interplay with the processes of music which Edwards will pursue. The quick fusion of one of these poems, 'Coltrane's Narrow Road', is what you think, apart from the new frying pan. Then Basho again:

Stones

no sound

a handful of stones

tossed in dark water
the ripples

expand
intersect then

then
The rippling here points onwards. The other poems take those rhythmic cross-cutting ripples as technique; but without the infusorian political abrasions which would come, though the opening poem 'Postwar' involves a watermelon violently hitting a tiled surface

pink sugary flesh
splattered everywhere


*


In 1982 Edwards published Drumming & poems with Peter Hodgkiss' Galloping Dog Press, and this is the second book to be collected in the No Public Language volume from Shearsman. Each poem is prefaced by the listing of a particular album. Is this what Edwards was listening to when writing the poem? Should the reader listen to the album when reading?

The cross-cutting whimsy and song of the earlier work has provided an inchoate form which is here fleshed out into small grids of political commentary and social documentary of a speeded-up though not indeterminate kind (for the latter, see 1992's Good Science, Roof Books, which spans 1983-1991).

To me, the most interesting parts of Drumming & poems are those that edit and re-arrange transcribed voices of various kinds. 'Old Man, Camberwell', Edwards tells us in his notes, "uses material from an unpublished set of interviews with people who live alone". The result is a brief comedy of part-sentences:

1.

I went straight from school
in England I know nobody

bother me I think
naturally, but I do

stutter, just from temperament.
When most people were

people if anybody
like the freedom of

vast walks, sometimes over
the moment for the past it

drives me up the wall.
On the gas fire, proper

hot food; I'm pretty
introspective by nature, so I have

a radio I don't need
for about 5 years and I

cook at weekends when I cook.
It's a ridiculous

bedsit I'm living in
a room with a bloke

I haven't been
from my childhood.


It can be read as a single sentence which is jogged forward at every line break; but each line is also enough to flicker a wildly incomplete social world past. Oral history interviews are always edited in any wider presentation (never more so than in apparently neutral formats) - Edwards takes this sometimes hidden editing and brings it out so that broken off pieces of syntax point out from these one-person families: "in England I know nobody" leads this technique on towards its compact, specific use in 'Southall', "from eye-witness accounts, mainly by Asians, of the riots of April 1979". Here we have one poem and one statement which is clearly also several statements; but it is one and several at the same time. It is a structuring of speech which can't resolve. The 'Front' is the National Front meeting which was the subject of the initial protest.

Many people shouted to them, to stop and looked very strange.
I ws in my garden & I saw this quite clearly this boy was standing

and was left unconscious he sit down protest in the garden when 2 police
rushed past him one of them hit him dropped down I got a glass

hit me on the head with entire area round the Front meeting.
I tried to run and told him like this: Move! [. . .]


The death of a teacher in the riot, Blair Peach, becomes a source for elegy in 'Drumming (Slow Return)'; to date, no-one has been arrested for his murder despite eleven eye-witnesses testifying that he was struck about the head by police. This latter sequence of pieces also tracks the Nationality Bill in winter 1980/81 and "refers to the three classes of citizenship proposed by the Bill". From Southall to Parliament? The second part of this sequence "is based on reminiscences by Isaac Gordon, a Jamaican immigrant"; the phrases refuse to stay in discrete sections, though, and each of these inputs modulates into a poem which increasingly reads as a frenetic attempt to make visible the connections between networks and physical locations:

4.

"The blow had split his skull
from its base to his right ear.
People holding the new
citizenships would be
eligible to have
passports describing them,
splintering the bone &
bruising the brain to
a depth of an inch.
It will be necessary
to restrict the right of
entry to each of them."


Elsewhere in Drumming & poems is "What the razor knew", a collage set of variations, a cut paragraph: this is a space which does not conceal its content.

*

A radio broadcast is a kind of public-private radial concentric texture like a vast cloister of waves. So anyway, in 1986 Ken Edwards published Intensive Care, "Poems from The Radio Years 1982-85". To the radio, a human body is "an interference source". A page of prose which forms the second piece in the collection starts off with a standard account of Marconi, then quotes Asimov, then zooms in on "South East London, early spring", and a surveillance future of impending disaster, fore-echoing the opening of the Edwards novel to come, Futures.

'Their Daily Island Life' is the poem from which the title, No Public Language, comes ("No public language that is / fit for such a time":

No public language
That is fit

There was a country
buckled by heat & rain, corroded
emerald
near the shore

A country where a languge is "fit" - "It was always behind the wire." There's a discernible strain of Eliotic lyric throughout, heard even if the line is just "It is time". The effect is quite abrasive, in that Eliot's late tones, in their social aspect, might seem so anathema to the politics of rejection elsewhere present (though certainly not the only political contents), the "time" being the height of the new right's electoral success and the concomitant remaking of the British state. But those Eliot patterns carry so much else, too,

Why want to make time stand still?
Between lightbulb & the idea of lightbulb
Falls the shadow

That this comes from 'Five Nocturnes, After Derek Jarman', suggests how those rich textures might get political ("De - um majorettes"). Flicking through the wavelengths: a fugue for Allen Fisher; south London's class and river riven history addressed to David Jones; a poem to Zukofsky, "not melodious but with the effect / of melody", and "not That" - what song from what voices in this time: "it's like // a video of the Dungeness hum".

*

There are three 'autobiographical' Edwards works next to each other in No Public Language. In 1984, he published 'A4 Portrait', and then in 1988 turned the paper sideways for 'A4 Landscape'. Edwards notes, "The original premise of 'A4 Portrait' was that the writing should be generated spontaneously on a daily basis, with erasure being the only permitted editorial function." The result is a series of short strip-lines in columns, each one dated like a diary for the middle of 1983; 'A4 Landscape' presents longer lines, longer poems, and longer titles – places and journeys in 1984/5. If Portrait's jottings are consciousness humming, or a hum whirred up consciously, then Landscape purports to gesture at the network of intent that perceives things out, within:


28 April 84
5 pigeons on roof, 2 on parapet
Male strut (courtship) green neck puffed tip
12.07: 2 more join the group ranged on raked slates
5 fly in the air a short distance settle again after a moment
12.09: Now 11 in total all on the roof
4 of lighter body with dark barred wings, 2 self groom
13.01: No pigeons

Pigeons appear several times, the slight iridescence of the city. There are lots of things heard, quotes sourced and free, in particular the shipping forecast, surely slipping slightly:

Cromarty Forth southerly 6 perhaps increasing gale 8 later
Fair, moderate or good
Blonde, sanguine, in clinch with Irishman in bow tie
German Bight: locally 4 easterly 5 in south

There are many such slippages of placement – the "Eight wardrobes full of pineapples" on 27 April 84. Has someone written specifically about the shipping forecast in British poetry? This sea-based weather-shifting outline? The Landscapes seem preoccupied by attempts to define – personality, country – which lap and overlap around, in and through the poet's point. I must also mention a piece of neoclassical video-game criticism: "Pac-man reels in Ariadne's thread".

The hum of Portrait is in the insistent rhythms of these pieces:

25. ix. 83
Where is the loved one going
Sugar on a glass table
Splits the light
Returns
The quiet suddenly broken
The curve
She's much happier there
She won't talk about it
Triangulation of the 5 corners
I wish you hadn't come
Get up move slowly
Across the room, a coffee cup
Gleams
No coherence to it
No way of analysing
The play
A knock on the door
And everything changes again
Without warning

Contracted to the mundane, sugar and a coffee cup, attention deflected onto the next line, bumped to the next. A daily stack of antennae?

In 1993 Edwards then published 3,600 Weekends, which is subtitled 'An Autobiography in Several Modes'. It appears to be a kind of alphabetical circumfession, from 'Abstractedly' to Zoetrope, an autobiography which, in the best tradition, never begins. It begins:

That I walked alone in the dark city midst
That a melody stated in background decay
Became tone values deftly hot but unknown
That the sun went down thereon
Smoked into a bass line all of this

It can read as 26 disjointed arguments extended from each title. . . 'Kinetically', 'Lexically', 'Materially'. . . the diversity of parts which Lucretius lists, "everything is formed out of connections, densities, shocks, encounters, concurrences, and motions" (De Rerum Natura, 1:633).

*

The last section in this Selected is 'from Glissando Curve', which is a previously unpublished book (it was going to be a Sun & Moon in the mid Nineties but wasn't for some reason. Another part of this phantom book forms last year's Spectacular Diseases pamphlet 'Bird Migration in the 21st Century' - reviewed here.) Sliding notes – poems from 'Sizewell Ghazal' to 'Alborada of Late Capitalism', death and rhyme schemes – of several kinds, Edwards' innovative ghazals. The first Gulf War brings news of torture and low-flying aircraft; there is a visit to Bartók's house which occasions the title's glissando curve away from silence and back (Bartók perhaps shares with Berg a great attraction to the arch). Newspaper reports of events in the Balkans form 'Wave Ghazal' which I'll quote in full:

Wave Ghazal

This boy is in love with Maria
He wears a wedding ring on the wrong finger

Satellite dishes scan the troposphere
For voices warm with promise

When he finishes the fighting
he is going to Belgrade to marry her

The industrial palaces are crumbling
Voices die mutate their rays

Of dark intentionality flicker resonate
In blood bone muscle in the cathedrals

On the floor of his truck
His Kalashnikov points into the trees

Too many voices call mutate the duende
In the quantum void

The convoy's trucks clatter through the forest
On a mountain road he hears

The duende's long bow wave
On the receiving station

And somewhere there's a house
Made of blond wood filmed with dust

The spirit in that house the
Spiral in the dust


Language Was Slipping: Ken Edwards (IV)



There are three 'autobiographical' Edwards works next to each other in No Public Language. In 1984, he published 'A4 Portrait', and then in 1988 turned the paper sideways for 'A4 Landscape'. Edwards notes, "The original premise of 'A4 Portrait' was that the writing should be generated spontaneously on a daily basis, with erasure being the only permitted editorial function." The result is a series of short strip-lines in columns, each one dated like a diary for the middle of 1983; 'A4 Landscape' presents longer lines, longer poems, and longer titles – places and journeys in 1984/5. If Portrait's jottings are consciousness humming, or a hum whirred up consciously, then Landscape purports to gesture at the network of intent that perceives things out, within:

28 April 84
5 pigeons on roof, 2 on parapet
Male strut (courtship) green neck puffed tip
12.07: 2 more join the group ranged on raked slates
5 fly in the air a short distance settle again after a moment
12.09: Now 11 in total all on the roof
4 of lighter body with dark barred wings, 2 self groom
13.01: No pigeons

Pigeons appear several times, the slight iridescence of the city. There are lots of things heard, quotes sourced and free, in particular the shipping forecast, surely slipping slightly:

Cromarty Forth southerly 6 perhaps increasing gale 8 later
Fair, moderate or good
Blonde, sanguine, in clinch with Irishman in bow tie
German Bight: locally 4 easterly 5 in south

There are many such slippages of placement – the "Eight wardrobes full of pineapples" on 27 April 84. Has someone written specifically about the shipping forecast in British poetry? This sea-based weather-shifting outline? The Landscapes seem preoccupied by attempts to define – personality, country – which lap and overlap around, in and through the poet's point. I must also mention an acute piece of neoclassical video-game criticism: "Pac-man reels in Ariadne's thread".

The hum of Portrait is in the insistent rhythms of these pieces:

25. ix. 83
Where is the loved one going
Sugar on a glass table
Splits the light
Returns
The quiet suddenly broken
The curve
She's much happier there
She won't talk about it
Triangulation of the 5 corners
I wish you hadn't come
Get up move slowly
Across the room, a coffee cup
Gleams
No coherence to it
No way of analysing
The play
A knock on the door
And everything changes again
Without warning

Contracted to the mundane, sugar and a coffee cup, attention deflected onto the next line, bumped to the next. A daily stack of antennae?

In 1993 Edwards then published 3,600 Weekends, which is subtitled "An Autobiography in Several Modes'. It appears to be a kind of alphabetical circumfession, from 'Abstractedly' to Zoetrope, an autobiography which, in the best tradition, never begins. It begins:

That I walked alone in the dark city midst
That a melody stated in background decay
Became tone values deftly hot but unknown
That the sun went down thereon
Smoked into a bass line        all of this

It can read as 26 disjointed arguments extended from each title. . . 'Kinetically', 'Lexically', 'Materially'. . . the diversity of parts which Lucretius lists, "everything is formed out of connections, densities, shocks, encounters, concurrences, and motions" (De Rerum Natura, 1:633).

*

The last section in this Selected is 'from Glissando Curve', which is a previously unpublished book (it was going to be a Sun & Moon in the mid Nineties but wasn't for some reason. Another part of this phantom book forms last year's Spectacular Diseases pamphlet 'Bird Migration in the 21st Century' - to be reviewed here very soon.) Sliding notes – poems from 'Sizewell Ghazal' to 'Alborada of Late Capitalism', death and rhyme schemes – of several kinds, Edwards' innovative ghazals. The first Gulf War brings news of torture and low-flying aircraft; there is a visit to Bartók's house which occasions the title's glissando curve away from silence and back (Bartók perhaps shares with Berg a great attraction to the arch). Newspaper reports of events in the Balkans form 'Wave Ghazal' which I'll quote in full:

Wave Ghazal

This boy is in love with Maria
He wears a wedding ring on the wrong finger

Satellite dishes scan the troposphere
For voices warm with promise

When he finishes the fighting
he is going to Belgrade to marry her

The industrial palaces are crumbling
Voices die mutate their rays

Of dark intentionality flicker resonate
In blood bone muscle in the cathedrals

On the floor of his truck
His Kalashnikov points into the trees

Too many voices call mutate the duende
In the quantum void

The convoy's trucks clatter through the forest
On a mountain road he hears

The duende's long bow wave
On the receiving station

And somewhere there's a house
Made of blond wood filmed with dust

The spirit in that house the
Spiral in the dust





-------------------
Edmund Hardy

A tin of Troy: Two from Peter Hughes

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Peter Hughes: Minor Yours
Oystercatcher Press: 4 Coastguard Cottages, Lighthouse Close, Old Hunstanton, Norfolk PE36 6EL
[12pp. Pub. 2006, £3, ISBN 1-905885-008]


Peter Hughes: Sound Signals Advising Presence
Infernal Methods / Thule: Quoybow, Stromness, Orkney KW16 3JU
[17pp. Pub. 2006, £3]


Reviewed by Abena Sutherland
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––


'Minor Yours' takes this dark swinging tune – Chet Baker on trumpet – and turns it to a note-book ballad of political refuge, "ti ki ti ki ti ki ti ki".

a trickle of coal dust
down an outhouse wall
The notes of an exiled trumpeter? Heart or soul in his mouth, which is itself hoarded nearby,

I've buried a spare & battered
mouthpiece taped up in a plastic bag
in a field on the outskirts of town
each note an "inner vapour trail". Too much in public, when private life is fled. The trumpeter is "waiting around for a computer" at the library. Leaps of – but are they association? Is the trumpeter a wander-artist?

the mind never clearing except
to arrange its core as a clearing
'Sound Signals Advising of Presence', published at the same time, is full of much shorter poems, often in small sequences (such as 'Oystercatcher' which you can read here at Great Works.) The leaps are more playful. Music is joined by the sea and by many birds.

the progression
whether in fourths
fifths of flagons
achieves its ends
by spiralling up & around

to find itself covering the same ground
          at a higher level
with a finer view
but less sure
about the colour
     of the front door

('From the Green Hill' 2)
Many poems read as if they describe a painting we can't see, and perhaps the painting is a visualised poem. Characteristically, the fanciful becomes diagrammatic:

& before the birds rise, & tide withdraws,
you realize the tide is always high,
the great wish of sea, reaching for the moon,
staying constant as the Earth turns through it.

(from 'Landing')
A blue circle and an earth circle and a moon circle. There is a finely honed offhandedness which is also found, most immediately and appositely, in Ralph Hawkins' work. There is also an aestheticism of a casual kind,

the winds walking
waves on the sea

through the carpet
right to the fire

on the horizon
a white citadel

('Oystercatcher' 6)
The idea of a space cleared in the middle of - a life? - recurs, "garden surrounded by darkness". The sequences in 'Sound Signals' and the poem of 'Minor Yours' slide in noted details, seemingly uncentred, until you see at a certain point that the thing is concave, and in the middle, quite probably, is "a roasted peanut / that's not as firm as it used to be", or else it's a detention centre or the threat of one.



Notes on Reznikoff's Holocaust



Charles Reznikoff, Holocaust, Black Sparrow, Softcover, 112 pages, 2007, $15.95

Edmund Hardy

---------------------------------------------------------------


We are reading a thing created from historical material in which the editing has produced a new content which is itself a framework.


What is there which joins or breaks between the witness of survivors and the untestifiable silence of the murdered?


The Jews in the ghetto were swollen with hunger
or terribly thin;
six to eight in a room
and no heating.
Families died during the night
and when neighbors entered in the morning –
perhaps days afterwards –
they saw them frozen to death
or dead from starvation. (p. 12)


"No one can bear witness from the inside of death", as Giorgio Agamben puts it in his Remnants of Auschwitz.


What has been created is a rhetorical structure in which different testimonies can speak out beyond the legitimating or discrediting binary of judgement's court.


To escape is to attempt to seed yourself, and a boat is already a seed on the mirror of the water:

Fishing boats, excursion boats, and any kind of boat
were mustered at the ports;
and the Jews were escorted to the coast by the Danes –
many of them students –
and ferried to safety in Sweden:
about six thousand Danish Jews were rescued
and only a few hundred captured by the Germans. (p. 88)


Ask The Fellows Who Cut The Hay

 

 













The flattened & edited tone of oral history literature can get wearisome, all these millions who speak the same, and so one gravitates towards editors and recorders who seem to keep repetitions and digressions in, who keep speech in the speech. George Ewart Evans is diligent at doing this. Here is a cart driver, Frank Wake (in Mouths of Men, 1976, Faber & Faber), remembering the state of the roads in a Suffolk town before the First World War:

We always used to laugh and say they put the granite down in the summer and scraped it up as mud in the winter. But the centre of town was noted for the wooden blocks: they were quite good. That was paved with wooden blocks and that was quite good, but otherwise it was all mud in the winter.

Three phrases are repeated: Sentence one presents a communal anecdote; sentence two combines this with information about wooden blocks in a tone of objectivity; sentence three critically changes tense and repeats key information from the first two sentences in a variation and transformation of them, as if the essence is being refined. The texture of it means we do comprehend the "wooden blocks" (which rhyme backwards with "quite good"), as blocky bases, and the "mud in the winter", which presumably slowed everything - time (the economy) - down, comes back as a temporal enactment for the third sentence to run into and stop.


--------------------
Edmund Hardy

Etchings






Edmund Spenser
Griefe: A Short Conversation 


O but (quoth she) 
                              great griefe will not be tould,
And can more easily be thought, then said.
Right so ; 
                (quoth he) 
                                  but he, that neuer would,
Could neuer : will to might giues greatest aid.
But griefe 
                 (quoth she) 
                                    does greater grow displaid,
If then it find not helpe, and breedes despaire.
Despaire breedes not 
                                   (quoth he) where faith is staid.
No faith so fast 
                          (quoth she) but flesh does paire. 
Flesh may empaire 
                                (quoth he) 
                                                  but reason can 
repaire.



Edward Thomas
Digging


To-day I think
Only with scents, – scents dead leaves yield,
And bracken, and wild carrot's seed,
And the square mustard field ;

Odours that rise
                                    the root of a tree
Rose, currant, raspberry, or goutweed,
Rhubarb or celery ;

The smoke's smell, too,
                                   a bonfire burns
The dead, the waste,
And all


               to crumble
                                    over
                                  mirth.




Robert Herrick
Blossoms


Faire pledges of a fruitfull Tree


                                         They glide












 
--------------------------
Edmund Hardy




Radio Days: Ken Edwards (III)























A radio broadcast is a kind of public-private radial concentric texture like a vast cloister of waves. So anyway, in 1986 Ken Edwards published Intensive Care, "Poems from The Radio Years 1982-85". To the radio, a human body is "an interference source". A page of prose which forms the second piece in the collection starts off with a standard account of Marconi, then quotes Asimov, then zooms in on "South East London, early spring", and a surveillance future of impending disaster, fore-echoing the opening of the Edwards novel to come, Futures.

'Their Daily Island Life' is the poem from which the title, No Public Language, comes ("No public language that is / fit for such a time":

No public language
That is fit

There was a country
buckled by heat & rain, corroded
emerald
near the shore
A country where a languge is "fit" - "It was always behind the wire." There's a discernible strain of Eliotic lyric throughout, heard even if the line is just "It is time". The effect is quite abrasive, in that Eliot's late tones, in their social aspect, might seem so anathema to the politics of rejection elsewhere present (though certainly not the only political contents), the "time" being the height of the new right's electoral success and the concomitant remaking of the British state (Britain PLC, the banner), one element of that being the descaling of the clogging "fur of socialism" (as it was thought of by this revolutionary group). But those Eliot patterns carry so much else, too,

Why want to make time stand still?
Between lightbulb & the idea of lightbulb
Falls the shadow
That this comes from 'Five Nocturnes, After Derek Jarman', suggests how those English rich textures might get political ("De - um majorettes"). Flicking through the wavelengths: a fugue for Allen Fisher; south London's class and river riven history addressed to David Jones; a poem to Zukofsky, "not melodious but with the effect / of melody", and "not That" - what song from what voices in this time: "it's like // a video of the Dungeness hum".


------------------------
Edmund Hardy

Collapsible Rhetoric




















It's 1937 and a building is collapsing: Evans-Pritchard's abstraction from that Azande granary which collapses again and again, in classrooms, libraries, on the desks of senior lecturers:

In Zandeland sometimes an old granary collapses. There is nothing remarkable in this. Every Zande knows that termites eat the supports in course of time and that even the hardest woods decay after years of service. Now a granary is the summerhouse of a Zande homestead and people sit beneath it in the heat of the day and chat or play the African hole-game or work at some craft. Consequently it may happen that there are people sitting beneath the granary when it collapses and they are injured, for it is a heavy structure made of beams and clay and may be stored with eleusine as well. Now why should these particular people have been sitting under this particular granary at the particular moment when it collapsed?

The cause of the collapse is not in doubt: termites. But the overlap between time of collapse and particular person sheltering from the sun Evans-Pritchard considers as a coincidence in "Western thinking", and as a necessary link in the action of witchcraft to "Zande philosophy", though, perhaps more obviously now, compensation culture and the unhooked feeling that someone is to blame after an accident is hardly a reasoned-coincidence too far from Western societies, this pointing up an unflagging opposition between the mystical and empirical which still frames Evans-Pritchard's argument.

The anecdote begins quite deliberately as a fable, "In Zandeland sometimes an old granary collapses." Then a summerhouse parachutes in to the homestead (or colonial park) and makes itself into a granary, where, in one long criss-crossing sentence-song of social life - talk and play and work - it collapses, but in the distance of "Consequently", a word which takes us back across continents to the seminar room ideal where the idea of "coincidence" falls down in tatters around the heads of another generation of students.

The granary opens the argument of Witchcraft, Oracles, And Magic Among The Azande, untestable, a pedagogical site. The "Zande" way of thinking is revealed incident by incident, witchcraft as the "socially relevant cause" of misfortune; but the appearance of an event can be all, as Aristotle wrote:

The tragic wonder will then be greater than if they happened of themselves or by accident; for even coincidences are most striking when they have an air of design. We may instance the statue of Mitys at Argos, which toppled onto the head of Mitys' murderer while he was a spectator at a festival, and killed him. Such events seem not to be due to mere chance. (Poetics)
Coincidence or justice, or coincidental justice? Philosophy, law and poetry drawn in its dust: the timing of a fall is a source of wonder.



----------------------------
Edmund Hardy



A poem by Dee McMahon


 
 
 
Satiety


One whiff a six year old idyll damp rotting blackberry leaves.  Red fruit the size of little finger painted nails surrounded by glistening bottle green

Exotic, it is not.  Nor absent from the impact.  In that Ambre Solaire moment, the blue chlorine pooled tinkle laughter shrieked on a summer's day, resonant and rightfully owning all the airwaves.  Tobacco juiced brown on my finger sister skin, rolled to break down what it offers, tracing the experience of tweedy aromas, clinging peat smokiness rack tacked to nerve ends in diminishing sense until one day a passer by retrieved

Expectation of taste

Turkish delighted or body shopped tea citrussy fresh with a colour that lies of lemon connections, and black velveteen deep.  Assaulted outside my door purpled and bushy scenting the way.  Scrambled on Ligurian hills boar family thicket in autumnal pursuit of fear.  Perugia materialising in you, your young on a hillside in seasoned wilderness and sage.  A sudden drop to be fodder forgotten

The panic attack stench of a Cologne train station high summer heat flies.  Lies between friends ride on expectations directionless alien cities sense lost in the break down rip up tear of redundant maps.  You oblivious wanting to be found.  Finding you at that pissed up place exhausted out of all.  Waiting to be told.  What to grow to

Minerals on air iodine laced and braced to it through humid fresh flesh skin hair laying down salty elemental tissue.  Nourishing slime rubbered sun dried stands a tangle of washed hair on rocky heads.  Blankness tinged to white grey blue mirrored in my delivery of this always home always

A barrier for some

This is important.  Hot sand on white slabs dried dune blue air grasses distant wash throughrush




Peter Hughes: Berlioz (Part 7)

 






1


heavily trembling on the thrumming tightrope
the art is lit & seemingly still
a twitch away from farce
on the edge of the credible
prone to misinterpretation
the memory is still in my throat
of the Funeral & Triumphal Symphony
to mark ten years
since the 1830 Revolution

the remains of those who died
over the Three Days
would be moved
to the new monument
in the Place de la Bastille
we’d crane our necks to look at Liberty
with wings outstretched
at the top of the column
moving with the souls of the
dead to heaven











2


I asked as many as I could
to the final rehearsal
I knew nothing
would be audible
on the day itself
in the windy vastness
of the Place de la Bastille
where the great crowd stood
as scraps of music flapped
about their heads
& disappeared
or the march to the square

but the music played
along the Boulevard Poissonnière
sang with great clarity

the band augmented
by the great trees
that are no longer there











3


I wish you could have been with me
in Germany
it is so not-Paris
the musicians turn up early
the people love music as music
not as just another
symphony as handbag
fashion accessory
I loved Prague deeply
Liszt became breathtakingly
drunk & at two in the morning
was dead set on a duel
with some local drinker
his noon concert approached
he moved gingerly from bed
at 11.35 towards the piano
& played like a god











4


I wrote Faust swaying
on trains & boats
rattling along on a stage-coach
by gaslight in a shop one night
lost in Bupapest
before dawn in Prague
& in every corner of Paris
I staked all I had on
two performances
at the Opéra-Comique
& no-one came
go to Russia
I am deeply moved
when I remember
how many people
helped me
pay my debts











5


I left Paris in deep snow
on Valentine's Day 1847
& for a fortnight
rocked hissing through snow
to St. Petersburg
occasionally smiling at
the prophecy of Balzac
the night before I left
you'll return
a wealthy man

Balzac couldn't look
out of a window
without seeing earnings
occasionally











6


once past the Russian frontier
the very air was torture
I was dragged swaying through
deep frozen ruts that kicked
my teeth around my head
in a frozen box on runners
battered    travel-sick
frost-bitten to the
icy edge of death
in a day-nightmare I saw
soldiers crossing this terrain
without shoes or supplies
dead men walking
towards another freezing night
what does it cost to die
occasionally











7


when I saw crows
fall on the horses’ droppings
for food & warmth
I wondered why they stayed
instead of flying south
one hour into thawing out
my head in a hotel room
an invitation came to a
glittering short-term future
while back in France
men & women did
everything that men & women do
some die fast           some die slow











8


after six months of disgusting
suffering I lost my sister Nanci
she died of breast cancer
my sister Adèle stayed with her
& almost died herself
from the tearing pain of watching
I grind my teeth at the cruelty
of her prolonged incurable
Godless torture when a simple
anaesthetic could have
swallowed her pain for good
she died in early May
my wife died with less pain
a few came to the funeral
a quarter of a century earlier
when she was one of the star of Paris
the city would have ground to a halt
to ease her to the grave











9


millions of details of scintillating
satisfactions & successes
mostly in Germany
add up to nothing in my cupboard
I smell failure even in the mirror
as you go downhill the world does too
the evidence is overwhelming
as I stumble through the outskirts
of town even when sat in the centre
I know my name & art will not survive











 

"What the razor knew": Ken Edwards (II)


In 1982 Ken Edwards published Drumming & poems with Peter Hodgkiss' Galloping Dog Press, and this is the second book to be collected in the No Public Language volume from Shearsman. Each poem is prefaced by the listing of a particular album. Is this what Edwards was listening to when writing the poem? Should the reader listen to the album when reading?

The cross-cutting whimsy and song of the earlier work has provided an inchoate form which is here fleshed out into small grids of political commentary and social documentary of a speeded-up though not indeterminate kind (for the latter, see 1992's Good Science, Roof Books, which spans 1983-1991).

To me, the most interesting parts of Drumming & poems are those that edit and re-arrange transcribed voices of various kinds. 'Old Man, Camberwell', Edwards tells us in his notes, "uses material from an unpublished set of interviews with people who live alone". The result is a brief comedy of part-sentences:

1.

I went straight from school
in England I know nobody

bother me I think
naturally, but I do

stutter, just from temperament.
When most people were

people if anybody
like the freedom of

vast walks, sometimes over
the moment for the past it

drives me up the wall.
On the gas fire, proper

hot food; I'm pretty
introspective by nature, so I have

a radio I don't need
for about 5 years and I

cook at weekends when I cook.
It's a ridiculous

bedsit I'm living in
a room with a bloke

I haven't been
from my childhood.


It can be read as a single sentence which is jogged forward at every line break; but each line is also enough to flicker a wildly incomplete social world past. Oral history interviews are always edited in any wider presentation (never more so than in apparently neutral formats) - Edwards takes this sometimes hidden editing and brings it out so that broken off pieces of syntax point out from these one-person families: "in England I know nobody" leads this technique on towards its compact, specific use in 'Southall', "from eye-witness accounts, mainly by Asians, of the riots of April 1979". Here we have one poem and one statement which is clearly also several statements; but it is one and several at the same time. It is a structuring of speech which can't resolve. The 'Front' is the National Front meeting which was the subject of the initial protest.

Many people shouted to them, to stop and looked very strange.
I ws in my garden & I saw this quite clearly this boy was standing

and was left unconscious he sit down protest in the garden when 2 police
rushed past him one of them hit him dropped down I got a glass

hit me on the head with entire area round the Front meeting.
I tried to run and told him like this: Move! [. . .]


The death of a teacher in the riot, Blair Peach, becomes a source for elegy in 'Drumming (Slow Return)'; to date, no-one has been arrested for his murder despite eleven eye-witnesses testifying that he was struck about the head by police. This latter sequence of pieces also tracks the Nationality Bill in winter 1980/81 and "refers to the three classes of citizenship proposed by the Bill". From Southall to Parliament? The second part of this sequence "is based on reminiscences by Isaac Gordon, a Jamaican immigrant"; the phrases refuse to stay in discrete sections, though, and each of these inputs modulates into a poem which increasingly reads as a frenetic attempt to make visible the connections between networks and physical locations:

4.

"The blow had split his skull
from its base to his right ear.
People holding the new
citizenships would be
eligible to have
passports describing them,
splintering the bone &
bruising the brain to
a depth of an inch.
It will be necessary
to restrict the right of
entry to each of them."


Elsewhere in Drumming & poems is "What the razor knew", a collage set of variations, a cut paragraph: this is a space which does not conceal its content.

-----------------------------------------------
Edmund Hardy

A poem by Tina Bass

 
 
 
  
 
Emmenogogue

on the edge of it
speaking softly she said
I do cohere you

he executed each sentence summarily

all things from egg
do you understand?
prostrate yourself
become lumpen mash upon hard ground

night-lights cut through 'lack of'
caution proceed with caution
observe incidentals
rules can be ignored

she was made for days like this
brittle cutting-cold summer
colouring bleeding smudges
blue-sky icing cloud-bubble
decoration

like a child
embracing the notion of morning








 

Texture: Susan Howe's The Midnight


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2003 / ISBN: 978-0-8112-1538-1 / paper / $ 19.95 / New Directions

Reviewed by Melissa Flores-Bórquez

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a map we use for navigating



The Midnight begins with the interleaf between image and text in a copy of Robert Louis Stevenson's The Master of Ballantrae. This gauzy protection becomes a curtain and a border, a tracing and a two-way true paradox, a "dialethia" as Howe later discusses it. But it isn't just any copy of the Stevenson: it's John Manning's copy, or Uncle John, as Howe at one point calls him. Many other pictures rival the text in this book – scribbles, marginalia, slips of paper on pages, portraits, and perhaps best of all, a double page of William Hole's first-edition illustrations for Drayton's Poly-Olbion, like the one above but not that one.

Every river with a nymph, no mountain without a shepherd. But Howe also writes that "Names are only a map we use for navigating". In this case we are navigating through a "document universe" – of markings and boundaries, parks and security guards who ask for your papers – and "I am a mere table of contents" (Pierce).

It's a realist's mystery; drawing back the curtain, the poet is suddenly taken with the patterns, social readings and movement of cloth, that the eye goes into the fabric and not what it was hiding. And so she puns, "It's curtains" for you. Or some other kind of hanging.

The drama of markings on the page (as compared to the stage) is a slow, traceable drama, but with its own twitchings and flourishes. That table of contents draws the poet in towards what she perceives as souls, though "Every mortal has a non-communicating material self – a waistcoat or embroidered doublet folded up, pressed down, re-folded to fit snugly inside. Incommunicado." Which is the mysterious margin of another secret scape that words - even when scribbled and photographed - refuse to let cartographers image.

At the centre of The Midnight is a long two-part essay, a prose memoir/fiction of small pieces of literary information positioned along with memories – marked on paper – of Howe's life and particularly her mother, Mary Manning, who apparently wrote a novel (Lovely People) which begins with the line:

"Professor Winslow," Dr. Brown shook his head sadly, "will never ride his tricycle again."

In tracing the relations between materials, people, marks and exclusions, a possibility opens up just as it becomes secret again in a disclosure of that "non-communicating material self".

It's a prose technique and form of argument which is impelled by pieces of autobiography. (Howe remembering how in a childhood production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, Oberon became O'Brien!). The appearance of references and crucially cross-references to Michael Drayton – map, fairies, the Genius of place – seem too briskly efficient, though; the relations between the documents in The Midnight tend to go slack – there is not the passion of My Emily Dickinson, despite the small details of memoir and possession. It can become a choking efficiency – of a kind which Susan Schultz identifies in her 1994 'Exaggerated History' review of The Birth-Mark and The Non-Conformist's Manual. But then the force of that book, or of the three books collected as The Europe of Trusts, is also about how "we are Language Lost // in language" – in The Midnight too much has been found.

The central prose essay (which is called 'Scare Quotes') is hemmed with three short sequences of poetry, 'Bed Hangings' in two parts, and then 'Kidnapped'. These are all in short sections of compacted lines, without the use of differing vertical and horizontal spacings, brackets, capitals or multi-voicings of other Howe poetry. These poems just hang there, and, curtaining round, these seem like the stronger part of the book.

Counterforce bring me wild hope
non-connection is itself distinct
connection numerous surviving
fair trees wrought with a needle
the merest decorative suggestion
in what appears to be sheer white
muslin a tree fair hunted Daphne
Thinking is willing you are wild
to the weave not to material itself

Wildness and assertion, which are two distinct elements of Susan Howe's style; "Thinking is willing" – weave, tree, cutting as a counterforce. A poem is "the impossibility of plainness rendered in plainest form". And, a lot of the time, so goes Susan Howe's rhetoric, that could be silence.



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Links:

[#] Susan Schultz: EXAGGERATED HISTORY

[#] Stephen Collis reviews The Midnight at Jacket


Beginning With Satie: Ken Edwards

 
In 1975 Ken Edwards published a pamphlet called 'Erik Satie loved children', containing 14 little poems. And now here it is again opening his No Public Language, from Shearsman, putting the 75 in the subtitle, "Selected Poems 1975-1995". They are fun and seem casually to be notes-towards-being-songs in a manner taken a long way by John James. In his Afterword, Edwards notes, of 'Erik Satie loved children', "I still think it's quite sweet, and besides it was the first showing of what later evolved into my preferred procedures: cutting and splicing, juxtaposition, language play, composition by rhythm." The title also announces the interplay with the processes of music which Edwards will pursue. The quick fusion of one of these poems, 'Coltrane's Narrow Road', is what you think, apart from the new frying pan. Then Basho again:

Stones

no sound

a handful of stones

tossed in dark water
the ripples

expand
intersect then

then

That pattern of ripples is now impossibly complex, which is how the plainest of manners can point two words on and in the pattern which continues without further lines. The other poems take those rhythmic cross-cutting ripples as technique; but without the infusorian political abrasions which would come, though the opening poem 'Postwar' involves a watermelon violently hitting a tiled surface

pink sugary flesh
splattered everywhere



-------------------------------------
Edmund Hardy

A poem by Carrie Etter

 
 
 
Anthro-


Thorns along the stem'll
drop before they waver,

insolent to breeze. Let the anthro-
pomorphis hazard less unless

that amounts to neglect,
an inattention. Hear the junco

from the outside—can we not
pervade like oxygen, diffuse and

more toxic.  Manifest
destiny bodies forth spectres more palpable than

thorn is cavalier.















----------------------------------------
This poem was first published in
Nedge magazine.

A poem by Changming Yuan

 
 
 
 
Earthling Calling
        we love; therefore, we are. . .

.--/.
.-../---/...-/.
-/..././.-././..-./---/.-./.
.--/.
.-/.-./.

.--/.
.-/.-./.
-/...././.-././..-./---/.-./.
.--/.
.-../---/...-/.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The Other Cheek: Zukofsky's Bottom



-------------------------------------------------------

Tail end of a notation-review by Laura Steele, begun here with the whole thing now to be found here.

-------------------------------------------------------



Bottom reads best as an experimental horror novel, a precursor to Danielewski's House of Leaves, full of quotes and a mad thesis on poetry (on the figure of echo in House; this endless and, after fifty pages, naggingly tedious idea of "eyes" in Bottom). The plot involves kidnapping all of Shakespeare's characters and forcing them to all say the same thing under duress of being snipped up and rearranged. Spine-tingling.

*

When considering the rush to either fall in love with Zukofsky (Zuk to young U.S. fans) or disparage him, I find myself wanting to make this discernment: I think "A" and 80 Flowers and the essays on kettles and so on collected in A Useful Art are all fascinating; but Bottom falls far short in any of the too-often made comparisons with the work of that shopping-mall ghost, Walter Benjamin. The organising method of Bottom is not as audacious as that of Benjamin, or of Jennings in his Pandemonium; Zukofsky's rhetoric is one arrow which points from everywhere towards his idea of the definition of love. In contrast to these other collage works, politics and society keep going missing. The result is a rather dull crystal where the facets only look inwards, turning in its own ahistorical slow spin.

*

Zukofsky is himself presumably the "reader who is inclined to feel that one book judges and is judged by all other books" (in that dusty library-crystal). His reconstitution of Shakespeare is as profound as that brief vogue for collage-collections of Shakespeare's Insults. "What a coil's here, serving of becks and jutting out of bums!"

*

Peter Riley, at the end of a review of Peter Minter (at Jacket), expresses an anti-Zukofsky sentiment which is probably typical of Zuk-detractors, "Do Australians really still take poets such as Zukofsky seriously? Shallow hobbyist manipulation of word-play?" Take the latter sentence and put it in a different paragraph and it could be praise – wide and shallow not falsely deep; hobbyist lover not odious professional; and I would have thought "manipulation of word-play" is an odd accusation between poets (between Riley and the soi-disant "Zoo-zoo-kaw-kaw-of-the-sky"). But I think Riley's comment does apply to Bottom. Much of Zukofsky's commentary on music and on Spinoza here is glossed from various standard accounts of the time, and has dated because the sparks of comprehension which might renew these critical pieces of prose are largely absent (as they are in most of the pieces collected in the Prepositions volume.) His attempts to reconstitute everything he touches are cemented by sentences characteristic of the bore with a thesis, "It seems obvious to me. . ."

*

As a whimsical scholar of the eye in literature, Zukofsky collects a huge trove of quotes but, jammed eagerly together, one quote never sees eye to eye with the next despite the short pieces of commentary intended as the passage of judgement between texts: "purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight."








All in a Day's Irony: Mary Coghill's Designed To Fade


 
----------------------------------------------------

Paperback, 120pp, 9x6ins, £8.95 / $15, 2006
ISBN-13 9781905700059; ISBN-10 1905700059, Shearsman

Reviewed by Abena Sutherland

----------------------------------------------------

A debut volume from Mary Coghill, Designed To Fade is a poem about "the city", centring on a loose narrative of a day. Coghill takes on the styles of other writers – Thomson (B.V.), Auden, Allen Fisher, Scalapino – and sets out to write a "women's poetry of the city". From Coghill's afterword:
My central concern was to explore women’s place on the A-Z. The poem puts forward different styles and forms so that we can test out our city voices. I discovered that we are definitely outdoors not indoors, involved not distant. We do not express ourselves merely as geography of the body or topography of the city.
Who does? This is one of the elements of the book that just made me cringe. Is it a joke? What women? Me? What cities? I’m glad that there’s somewhere that "we" can test out "our" voices. Take two emblems of modernism – "the" city and the day – and add the switching of styles. An idea from the classroom where a little more "thinking the form" (as it is sometimes put) needs to have taken place.

The work is monologic while continually making claims and gestures to the contrary; it puts forward an idea of the "city experience" which has a tendency to over-ride any actual experience or place. Coghill has been time-travelling, "I went back to the classical Greek city-state as a source of inspiration and information on the origins of attitudes to women in city life. I have used what I found in Plato’s Republic to provide a basis for our own development and use of city space." The formal writing is often inept (the closing couplet of a sonnet
We hear musician’s errors, dare we mock
or do nature’s faults our humility unlock?
which works if deliberately bad); the "experimental" passages too often revert to broken-up sentences which are like someone's idea of consciousness in the 1920s. Many of the poems are bad in the sense of being over-determined and under imagined (e.g. city as organism in mock scientific-alien tones:
Here is a cellular structure of a most interesting kind.
Does it bare the fingerprint of reproduction within its scaffolding?
There are sections which in many ways exist without recourse to other cells.
). Yet these dissatisfactions – greatly sharpened by the claims the poem makes for itself – don't sum up everything in the book; descriptions of the doors to a workplace, thoughts on working late, on needing to buy some lemons, the slow pressurised crushing of a low-grade job, these things are here too, and are in a few places subtly evoked. As is the clicking over of a single woman’s slight paranoia in public places. And there are individual poems within the larger one which stand out, if not entirely, then in part – 'Annual Lunch', perhaps, and 'Manhunt',
Then a blood up yell of cheerful
triumph got him he’s here! here!
piercing animal shriek trapped man
I see no bushes swaying snapping
cluster of struggling arms and legs
he’s gone quietly now shadows loom
they lead him round the corner
a van door opens clang metal
slams metal a sickening thud
unique sound of human skull
bone hitting metal at speed
though quoting this brings out weaknesses – "shadows loom", as threatening shadows too often do, and the narrator’s distancing is awkwardly signalled with "unique sound", into the quasi-thought of "bone hitting metal at speed".

How to read poetry blurbs and reviews

 
An "Intercapillary" Guide for the Perplexed



"dazzling", "full of light" – The reader must wear sunglasses when reading. Beware that some apparently dull poems may show "flashes" of something, who knows what. If the book is entirely "brilliant" then apply sun-cream.

"reaction" – Two poets or traditions have reacted, bubbled over, dried out, or produced a new substance.

"this work was obsolete thirty years ago" – The critic takes a term from discredited forms of eugenics and decides what is and what is not a "dead end".

"cutting-edge" – Be warned that the poet may also have a habit of being "incisive".

"innovative" – The poet has produced something like an iPod.

"brave" – The poet sits at their desk being very brave, thank God.

"tension" – I couldn’t wait to see what happened at the end.

"eye" – The poet has two essential organs: eye and ear. Like Argus the poet has an "eye for detail", an "eye for youth", a "steady eye", a "painterly eye", a "Vermeer-like eye for interiors", and may also have an ear for "speech-patterns" or "music" in general. Rarely does the poet have "a nose for unpleasant odours" though they may have "a sure touch".

"which is hard to pin down exactly" – Tail. Donkey. Book.

"major" – Not minor.

"failed to engage me" – I failed to engage with it.

"fresh" – The poems have been heat-sealed like packets of crisps for extra freshness.

"a real flavour of Italy", "plenty of zest", "something of the flavour of" – The book was properly prepared and the reviewer has clearly tucked in. Five stars.

"failed to engage me" (ii) – The poet proposed but was turned down by the reviewer.

"engaged with History", "has allowed history to enter the poem", "writes back to history", "got back together again with History", "found that history still hadn’t changed", "agreed with History that they’d remain friends"

"painterly poems" - Written at an easel.

"reaction" (ii) – The poet read Pierre Reverdy and got a nasty rash.

"addresses the poet’s roots" – The poet will be going to a different hair stylist next time.

"resonates" – The poems are written on a large bell.

"resonates long after reading" – Tinnitus?

"a broad sweep" – The poet has an eccentric modus operandi which involves housework.

"universal themes" – May contain asteroids.

"perceptive" – The poet is able to distinguish shape from colour, and has a good working knowledge of distance and depth.

"very precise" – The poet does not round up or down when calculating large sums.

"required reading for anyone with an interest in contemporary poetry" – Or else you can go to the back of the class. Yes I'm talking to you.

"no-one is better equipped" – The poet has bought a pen and some paper.

"impossible to ignore" – Poetry which emits a high-pitched whine at all times.

"glowing" - Poems suitable to leave around the bedroom to reassure small children when going to sleep.

"soundings of the depths" - Poems which allow you to tack before running aground, possibly with GPS as well.

"very necessary work" - It was necessary the poet published the book, if their reputation as a currently publishing poet was to be upheld.

"like a palimpsest" - It seemed like recycled paper was used.


"a very generous book" – The poet has included a ten pound note in every copy.

"the language is muscular" – The poet has done the proper stretches before writing.

"startling" – I dropped the book on my foot and was startled by its sheer weight.

X has engaged with / in this book we find "the films of Andrei Tarkovsky, the use of metal in Norwegian folk dress, penguins, Ezra Pound in prison, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Wittgenstein with a poker, Balinese shadow theatre, Samuel Beckett eating a sandwich, images of genocide, the lyric I, sitting positions in ancient Rome, the French bombing of Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbour, a packet of digestive biscuits, the way light speckles the underside of a bridge, someone on a bus" and so on in a list. Poetry itself will probably not be listed.

"concern" – This is my concern, that’s your concern, her concern is that. We are all very concerned. Someone is ill.

"a reading through" – The poet has taken an existing book and cut peep holes in it.

"breaks new ground" – More common than the phrase "breaks in a new pair of shoes", this territorial claim suggests the pressure of an expanding population. How much ground is there before an unsustainable level of deforestation occurs? The alternative is to find "ground the poet has trodden before".

"open work" – The poet is an architect not unaware that a part of the wall could be a door.

"organic form" – The book is covered in soil but it does taste better, you must admit.

-------------------------
Compiled by the "Intercapillary Space" Dictionary Committee

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